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VRML Script Tutorial
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VRML Interactive Tutorial

Introduction
VRML File Structure
Drawing: Shape node
Geometry Nodes:
Box
Sphere
Cone
Cylinder
PointSet
IndexedLineSet
IndexedFaceSet
Extrusion
ElevationGrid
Example: Chessboard
Text
FontStyle
Appearance
Material
Textures
Image Texture
Movie Texture
Pixel Texture
Texture Coordinate
Texture Transform
Let there be Light
Directional Light
Point Light
Spot Light
Materials with Colored Lights
Hierarchical Node Structures
Group
Transform
Collision
Anchor
Billboard
Switch
Inlining Files
Defining and Instancing Nodes
Defining Levels of Detail
Events in VRML
Creating Paths between events: ROUTE
Generating Events based on Timers or User Actions
Timers
Touch Sensor
Visibility Sensor
Dragging Sensors
Plane Sensor
Sphere Sensor
Cylinder Sensor
Proximity Sensors
Example: Proximity sensor
Interpolators
Color
Coordinate
Normal
Orientation
Position
Scalar
Example
Let the Music Play
Sound
AudioClip
Bindable Nodes
Who Am I: NavigationInfo
Where Am I: ViewPoint
Adding Realism to the world
Background
Fog
Information about your world
WorldInfo
Definition for Auxiliary Nodes
Coordinate
Color
Normal

TextureCoordinate


A texture is represented in a 2-D coordinate system (s,t) that ranges from 0 to 1 in both directions.

This node takes a set of points in 2-D to define how a texture is applied to IndexedFaceSet and ElevationGrid. If this node is not specified the texture is applied to the shape as a whole. Specifying a TextureCoordinate node causes the texture to be applied to each face of the shape according to the coordinates given.

Syntax:
TextureCoordinate {
point [ ]
}


the field point takes a set of 2-D coordinates which define the selected area. The points are separated by spaces.

The ordering of the points is relevant. The order should be counter clockwise starting from the origin to keep the orientation of the texture. If the start point is different then the texture is rotated by multiples of 90 degrees. Presenting the point in a clockwise direction will mirror the texture. Try it yourself of the right frame.

It is now described how TextureCoordinate points define texturing for a single face. Afterwards particular features of textures for IndexedFaceSet and ElevationGrid are presented.

You can select only a part of the texture, for instance if the points given are (0 0) (0.5 0) (0.5 0.5) (0 0.5). Only a quarter of the texture will be used

The next figure shows the result obtained.

You can also use this node to have the texture repeated, for instance consider the following points: (0 0), (2 0),(2 2), (0 2). In this case the texture is repeated twice in each dimension.

More complex settings can be used which restrict the texture in one dimension but repeat it in the other dimension. For example consider the points (0 0) (0.5 0) (0.5 2) (0 2). The left image shows the result of using this texture coordinates in a square face, the right image shows the area selected in terms os texture coordinates.

In all the examples above the area selected was either square or rectangular. There is nothing preventing you from choosing non-rectangular areas, however the number of points must match the number of coordinates used to build the face, i.e. you can't match a triangular selection into a square face.

The next two sections describe particular features of IndexedFaceSet and ElevationGrid,

IndexedFaceSet

The number of points should match the number of coordinates used to define the face, if multiple faces are defined then the number of points must agree with the number of points used to define each face.

The number of points in the TextureCoordinate must be at least equal to the number of points of the face with highest number of points.

If the field texCoordIndex is not NULL then the values of this field specify the indexes of the TextureCoordinate points which are used to define the selection for each face.

If the field texCoordIndex is NULL then the field coordIndex is used to specify the indexes.

ElevationGrids

When you specify an ElevationGrid you define a grid in which each point of the grid has a height. By default, i.e. if no TextureCoordinate is defined, texturing is controlled by TextureTransform. However sometimes you may want more control in the way textures are applied.

A texture coordinate is defined for each point in the grid. The first point in the grid corresponds to the first point in the TextureCoordinate node, the last point in the grid corresponds to the last point in the TextureCoordinate node. There must be as many points in the ElevationGrid as there are in the TextureCoordinate node.